'Studio' had replaced 'workshop' as the term for the artist's workplace by the 17th century, following the introduction of the Academies of painting and the artists' rise in status.
It also encompasses the members of the studio. Paintings classified as 'Studio of' indicate that they were painted by assistants working in the studio.
In the 19th century the studio could also constitute a school of painting, where paying pupils were taught the rudiments of painting. Couture's studio in Paris, for example, was attended by those artists who were opposed to the methods of Ingres's studio, which came to enjoy the approval of the Academy.