The sumptuous red brocade robe on the riverbank seems out of place in such a naturalistic setting and is at odds with the simplicity and intimacy of the portrait. Its presence suggests that his model represents a character from history or the Bible, and led to the belief that the picture was a study for a larger history or mythological painting.

It may have more personal significance. Because Rembrandt was unable to marry her without causing them both great financial hardship, Hendrickje was forced to remain in the position of mistress. She suffered much public humiliation as a result and in the year this picture was painted, she was called before the Reformed Church of Amsterdam and forced to admit that she lived with Rembrandt 'like a whore'.

The painting could be Rembrandt's attempt to make it up to Hendrickje in some way. The expensive robe could be seen as elevating her status to that of a nymph or a goddess, and a private declaration that she is as good and noble as any Old Testament heroine.

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